Douglas Macarthur
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Douglas MacArthur (26 January 1880; 5 April 1964) was five-star general and field marshal of the Philippine Army. He was Chief of Staff of the United States Army during the 1930s and played a prominent role in the Pacific theater during World War II. He received the Medal of Honor for his service in the Philippines Campaign, which made him and his father Arthur MacArthur, Jr., the first father and son to be awarded the medal. He was one of only five men ever to rise to the rank of General of the Army in the US Army, and the only man ever to become a field marshal in the Philippine Army. From 1919 to 1922, MacArthur served as Superintendent of the U.S. Military Academy at West Point, where he attempted a series of reforms. His next assignment was in the Philippines, where in 1924 he was instrumental in quelling the Philippine Scout Mutiny. In 1925, he became the Army's youngest major general. He retired from the US Army in 1937 to become Military Advisor to the Commonwealth Government of the Philippines. MacArthur was recalled to active duty in 1941 as commander of United States Army Forces in the Far East. A series of disasters followed, starting with the destruction of his air forces on 8 December 1941, and the invasion of the Philippines by the Japanese. MacArthur's forces were soon compelled to withdraw to Bataan, where they held out until May 1942. In March 1942, MacArthur, his family and his staff left nearby Corregidor Island in PT boats and escaped to Australia, where MacArthur became Supreme Commander, Southwest Pacific Area. Upon his arrival in Australia, MacArthur gave a speech in which he famously promised "I shall return" to the Philippines. For his defense of the Philippines, MacArthur was awarded the Medal of Honor. After more than two years of fighting in the Pacific, he fulfilled a promise to return to the Philippines. He officially accepted Japan's surrender on 2 September 1945, aboard USS Missouri anchored in Tokyo Bay, and oversaw the occupa
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** FILE ** This Oct. 14, 1950, file picture shows Gen. Douglas MacArthur, left, and President Harry Truman in an automobile during a meeting on Wake Island to discuss the Korean War. Truman later told reporters the atomic bombing of North Korea was under consideration. MacArthur had a plan to drop 30 to 50 of the bombs, the general told journalists after the war. Sixty years after the start of the Korean War, recently released declassified documents have helped fill in the history of U.S. nuclear threats against North Korea over the decades. (AP Photo/WA, File)
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U.S. Marine, right, playing the role of U.S. General Douglas MacArthur and other Marines playing the role of U.S. and South Korean Generals, participate during the 60th Incheon Landing Operations Commemoration Ceremony, Wednesday, Sept. 15, 2010 at sea near Incheon, the coastal city where United Nations Forces led by U.S. General Douglas MacArthur landed in September, 1950 just months after North Korea invaded the South. (AP Photo/ Lee Jin-man)
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U.S. and the South Korean Marine landing crafts sail to shores in a smoke screen during the 60th Incheon Landing Operations Commemoration Ceremony, Wednesday, Sept. 15, 2010 at sea near Incheon, the coastal city where United Nations Forces led by U.S. General Douglas MacArthur landed in September, 1950 just months after North Korea invaded the South. (AP Photo/ Lee Jin-man)
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South Korean Navy helicopters fly during the 60th Incheon Landing Operations Commemoration Ceremony, Wednesday, Sept. 15, 2010 at sea near Incheon, the coastal city where United Nations Forces led by U.S. General Douglas MacArthur landed in September, 1950 just months after North Korea invaded the South. (AP Photo/ Lee Jin-man)
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A South Korean Marine jumps into the sea during the 60th Incheon Landing Operations Commemoration Ceremony, Wednesday, Sept. 15, 2010 at sea near Incheon, the coastal city where United Nations Forces led by U.S. General Douglas MacArthur landed in September, 1950 just months after North Korea invaded the South. (AP Photo/ Lee Jin-man)
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U.S. and the South Korean Marine landing crafts sail to shores in a smoke screen near the Dokdo Ham, South Korean Navy's 14,000 ton-class large-deck landing ship during the 60th Incheon Landing Operations Commemoration Ceremony, Wednesday, Sept. 15, 2010 at sea near Incheon, the coastal city where United Nations Forces led by U.S. General Douglas MacArthur landed in September, 1950 just months after North Korea invaded the South. (AP Photo/ Lee Jin-man)
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U.S. and the South Korean Marine landing crafts sail to shores in a smoke screen during the 60th Incheon Landing Operations Commemoration Ceremony, Wednesday, Sept. 15, 2010 at sea near Incheon, the coastal city where United Nations Forces led by U.S. General Douglas MacArthur landed in September 1950 just months after North Korea invaded the South. (AP Photo/Lee Jin-man)
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U.S. and South Korean Marines Landing Craft Air Cusions participate during the 60th Incheon Landing Operations Commemoration Ceremony, Wednesday, Sept. 15, 2010 at sea near Incheon, the coastal city where United Nations Forces led by U.S. General Douglas MacArthur landed in September, 1950 just months after North Korea invaded the South. (AP Photo/ Lee Jin-man)
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U.S. Marines participate during the 60th Incheon Landing Operations Commemoration Ceremony, Wednesday, Sept. 15, 2010 at sea near Incheon, the coastal city where United Nations Forces led by U.S. General Douglas MacArthur landed in September, 1950 just months after North Korea invaded the South. (AP Photo/ Lee Jin-man)
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U.S. Marines participate during the 60th Incheon Landing Operations Commemoration Ceremony, Wednesday, Sept. 15, 2010 at sea near Incheon, the coastal city where United Nations Forces led by U.S. General Douglas MacArthur landed in September, 1950 just months after North Korea invaded the South. (AP Photo/ Lee Jin-man)
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U.S. Marine, center, playing the role of U.S. General Douglas MacArthur and other Marines playing the role of U.S. and South Korean Generals, participate during the 60th Incheon Landing Operations Commemoration Ceremony, Wednesday, Sept. 15, 2010 at sea near Incheon, the coastal city where United Nations Forces led by U.S. General Douglas MacArthur landed in September, 1950 just months after North Korea invaded the South. (AP Photo/ Lee Jin-man)
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Korea War veterans from the United States and other countries parade on military vehicles through a street to celebrate of the 60th Incheon Landing Operations Commemoration, Wednesday, Sept. 15, 2010 near Incheon, the South Korean coastal city where United Nations Forces led by U.S. Gen. Douglas MacArthur landed in September 1950 just months after North Korea invaded the South. (AP Photo/ Lee Jin-man)
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South Korean Marines' heavy armored vehicles parade on a street to celebrate of the 60th Incheon Landing Operations Commemoration, Wednesday, Sept. 15, 2010 near Incheon, the South Korean coastal city where United Nations Forces led by U.S. Gen. Douglas MacArthur landed in September 1950 just months after North Korea invaded the South. (AP Photo/ Lee Jin-man)
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South Korean Marines march on a street to celebrate the 60th anniversary of the Incheon Landing Operation, Wednesday, Sept. 15, 2010, near Incheon, the coastal city where United Nations Forces led by U.S. Gen. Douglas MacArthur landed on Sept. 15, 1950, just months after North Korea invaded the South. (AP Photo/ Lee Jin-man)
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U.S. sailors march on a street to celebrate the 60th anniversary of the Incheon Landing Operation, Wednesday, Sept. 15, 2010, near Incheon, the coastal city where United Nations Forces led by U.S. Gen. Douglas MacArthur landed on Sept. 15, 1950, just months after North Korea invaded the South. (AP Photo/Lee Jin-man)
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Former Philippine President Fidel Ramos, also Korean War veteran, salutes during the 60th Incheon Landing Operations Commemoration Ceremony, Wednesday, Sept. 15, 2010 at sea near Incheon, the coastal city where United Nations Forces led by U.S. General Douglas MacArthur landed in September, 1950 just months after North Korea invaded the South. (AP Photo/ Lee Jin-man)
