WARSAW, Poland — Polish lawmakers voted Friday to move forward with proposals to lift a near-total ban on abortion, a divisive issue in the traditionally Roman Catholic country, which has one of the most restrictive laws in Europe.
Members of the lower house of parliament, the Sejm, voted to work on four separate bills. Two of them propose legalizing abortion through the 12th week of pregnancy, in line with European norms. The Sejm also created a 27-member commission to work on the four bills. They voted for it to be led by Dorota Łoboda, a lawmaker who was formerly an activist with a women’s rights group.
The party of centrist Prime Minister Donald Tusk is seeking to change the law to allow women to terminate pregnancies up to the 12th week of pregnancy. Tusk won office last year after an election in which young people and women turned out in large numbers amid a record high turnout of nearly 75%. Political observers say voters were mobilized after the abortion law was restricted under the previous right-wing government.
Tusk said he believed Poland still probably has a long way to go to liberalize the law, but welcomed Friday’s votes as a move in the right direction. He said he believed the country would ultimately end up with a law that gives women the feeling that they are not “an object of attack, contempt or disregard.”
Tusk is supported on the issue by the Left, a member of his three-party coalition. However, the third coalition partner, the more conservative Third Way, favors restrictions on abortion rights, and the issue has been a source of tension within the government.
Abortion rights advocates said the decision to continue work on the bills, and not reject them outright, was a step in the right direction, though they also don’t expect real change in the law coming soon.
Kinga Jelińska, an activist who helps provide abortions with the group Women Help Women, described being “moderately satisfied.”
The Women’s Strike, the Polish organization that led massive street protests as abortion rights were restricted, noted that it was the first time since 1996 that bills liberalizing legal access to abortion in Poland were not dropped in a primary vote.
Any liberalization bill would likely be vetoed by President Andrzej Duda, a conservative who last month vetoed a bill making the morning-after pill - which is not an abortion pill but emergency contraception - available over-the-counter to women and girls 15 and older. Duda’s second and final term runs until the summer of 2025.
Abortion opponents are also mobilized in the European Union country that has long considered the Catholic faith to be a bedrock of national identity, but which is also in the process of rapid secularization.
The Catholic church called on the faithful to make Sunday a day of prayer “in defense of conceived life,” in a statement carried by the state news agency PAP. An anti-abortion demonstration called the March of Life is also being planned in downtown Warsaw that day.
Currently abortions are only allowed in the cases of rape or incest or if the woman’s life or health is at risk. Reproductive rights advocates say that even in such cases, doctors and hospitals turn away women, fearing legal consequences for themselves or citing their moral objections. According to Health Ministry statistics, only 161 abortions were performed in Polish hospitals in 2022.
The reality is that many Polish women already have abortions, often with pills mailed from abroad. Reproductive rights advocates estimate that some 120,000 abortions are carried out each year by women living in Poland.
It is not a crime for a woman to perform her own abortion, only assisting a woman is a crime.
One of the four bills that now goes for further work is a proposal by the Left that would decriminalize assisting a woman who has an abortion, currently a crime punishable by three years in prison.
A fourth proposal, introduced by the Third Way, would keep a ban in most cases but allow abortions in cases of fetal defects - a right that was eliminated by a 2020 court ruling.
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Associated Press writer Monika Scislowska in Warsaw contributed.
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