TOKYO (AP) - Japan’s government said Tuesday that the official translation of the era name for the new emperor will be “Beautiful Harmony,” setting off confusion while offices rush to make changes before Crown Prince Naruhito takes the throne.
The era of “Reiwa” begins May 1, a day after 85-year-old Emperor Akihito abdicates and hands over the chrysanthemum throne to his elder son.
The cultural importance of the imperial family and the secretive naming process created a frenzy of attention for the announcement of the era name on Monday.
Prime Minister Shinzo Abe said the name, composed of two Chinese characters, was taken for the first time from an ancient Japanese book instead of from Chinese classics. He said it comes from a section about plum blossoms in Manyoshu, a poetry anthology from the 7th-8th centuries, and suggests that “culture is born and nurtured as the people’s hearts are beautifully drawn together.”
Abe did not say which of a range of meanings for each of the two Chinese characters applied to the era name.
Experts and media had a variety of interpretations of the meaning, and initial reports generally settled on “pursuing harmony.” The first character can also mean order, rule, good or auspicious. The second can mean peace, reconciliation or soft.
A Foreign Ministry official gave the official translation Tuesday.
“’Reiwa’ is best interpreted as ’beautiful harmony,’” said Masaru Sato, the deputy consul-general and director of the Japan Information Center in New York. “’Reiwa’ refers to the beauty of plum blossoms after a tough winter, and is taken to mean the beauty of people when they bring their hearts together to cultivate a culture.”
However, some experts said the first Chinese character, “Rei,” today is most widely thought to mean “order,” ’’command” and “dictate,” with an authoritarian tone.
Historians and experts on the monarchy noted that an 1864 era name proposal of “Reitoku” using the same first character was rejected by the Tokugawa Shogunate, which said it sounded like the emperor was commanding Tokugawa.
“The name sounds as if we are ordered to achieve peace, rather than doing so proactively,” Kazuto Hongo, a University of Tokyo historian, said on TV Asahi.
Yoshinori Kobayashi, a conservative cartoonist who has written books on Japanese emperors, said the character “Rei” portrays “the people kneeling down under the crown. It’s meaning, after all, is a command of a monarch or a ruler. … It is inevitable that ’Reiwa’ gives a somewhat cold impression.”
As discussions of the era name dominated Japanese newspapers and television talk shows, stores began selling Reiwa goods.
A bakery in Tokyo sold cupcakes decorated with Reiwa toppings, and sweet bean cakes carrying Reiwa logos quickly sold out at a souvenir shop inside Japan’s parliament building. Some bookstores set up Manyoshu sections, and many editions of the anthology were out of stock on Amazon. Department stores were planning to sell gold coins emblazoned with Reiwa.
The announcement gives the government, businesses and people only a month to adjust to a change that affects many parts of Japanese society, though the emperor has no political power under Japan’s postwar constitution. Era names are still widely used in government and business documents and on calendars. Many people use them to identify generations and historical periods.
Discussing an era change in advance was not considered a taboo this time because Akihito is abdicating, a highly unusual step.
___
Follow Mari Yamaguchi on Twitter at https://www.twitter.com/mariyamaguchi
Please read our comment policy before commenting.