AUSTIN, Texas (AP) - Texas’ voter ID law is shelved again after a judge who once compared the requirements to a “poll tax” on minorities also rejected a newly weakened version that was backed by the Trump administration.
That was followed by a separate federal court on Thursday ordering Texas to partially redraw its Statehouse maps after finding racial gerrymandering in four counties. Texas has now lost three voting rights rulings this month, and the decisions are set to impact the 2018 elections and potentially reverberate to voting rights battles elsewhere in the U.S.
Here’s a look at how Texas got here and what comes next:
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THE VOTER ID LAW
Texas’ voter ID law was among one of the most restrictive in the U.S. It required voters to present one of seven forms of identification in order to cast a ballot - gun licenses were sufficient proof to vote, but not college student IDs.
Texas has essentially been fighting to preserve the law since it was passed by the GOP-controlled Legislature in 2011. In 2014, U.S. District Judge Nelva Gonzales Ramos blocked the measure while accepting findings that more than 600,000 Texas voters lacked one of the suitable forms of ID - about 4.5 percent of all registered voters in the state.
Retooling the law this spring, the Legislature added a provision that voters without an acceptable ID could still vote if they signed an affidavit. But Gonzales Ramos this week rejected that version, too, and said that criminal penalties Texas attached to lying on the affidavit could scare away voters fearful of making an innocent mistake.
Republican Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton called the ruling “outrageous” and filed a notice of appeal Thursday.
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THE VOTING MAPS
In addition to passing the voter ID law in 2011, the Texas Legislature also approved new voting maps that year that fortified GOP control of the Statehouse and protected Republican incumbents in Congress.
Those maps were never used. Federal courts blocked them and later ruled that Republicans intentionally sought to discriminate against minority voters. Since 2010, the Hispanic population of Texas has grown more than three times that of whites.
A three-judge panel in San Antonio ruled Thursday that when Texas lawmakers rushed to approved revised Statehouse maps in 2013, they did so with the intent to “maintain and perpetuate” advantages in the map that were the result of “a refusal to recognize minority growth.” The court ordered the maps to be partially redrawn before 2018.
Paxton said the state will appeal the ruling.
The same court also ordered Texas earlier this month to redraw two congressional districts before next year’s elections.
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THE STAKES
The losses have continued piling up for Texas even as the U.S. Justice Department has essentially reversed course under the Trump administration and backed both the existing maps and revised voter ID law.
The voter ID battle could ultimately head to the U.S. Supreme Court and become a blueprint for other states. The findings of intentional discrimination also leave open the potential of Texas becoming the first state to have its elections come under federal oversight since a major Supreme Court ruling in 2013.
That was the year the court gutted the federal Voting Rights Act, which had required states with troubled racial histories to submit election changes for approval. But still intact is a lesser-known provision in the law that would essentially restore that requirement if states were found to discriminate against voters.
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