ALBANY, N.Y. — Gov. Andrew Cuomo on Monday proposed cutting the penalty for public possession of a small amount of marijuana, a change in state law that could defuse some criticism of the New York Police Department’s “stop-and-frisk” policy in minority communities.
With three weeks remaining in the legislative session, the Democratic governor said his bill to reduce the criminal misdemeanor to a violation with a fine up to $100 would save thousands of New Yorkers, disproportionately black and Hispanic youths, from unnecessary arrests and criminal charges.
“There’s a blatant inconsistency. If you possess marijuana privately, it’s a violation. If you show it in public, it’s a crime,” Mr. Cuomo said. “It’s incongruous. It’s inconsistent the way it’s been enforced.”
The stop-and-frisk policy, he noted, could force those detained to display even small amounts of marijuana to the police officer, Mr. Cuomo added.
“The marijuana is now in public view. It just went from a violation to a crime,” he said.
New York City prosecutors and Police Commissioner Raymond Kelly, whose offices handled almost 50,000 such criminal cases last year, endorsed the governor’s plan. Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg said the bill largely mirrors the city police directive issued last year for officers to issue violations, not misdemeanors, “for small amounts of marijuana that come into open view during a search.”
Manhattan District Attorney Cyrus Vance said it will help his office redirect limited resources to serious crime, and key Assembly Democrats expressed support. Some opposition is expected in the state Senate’s Republican majority, where a spokesman said they will review the measure once Mr. Cuomo submits it.
Possession of less than 25 grams was reduced in state law to a violation in 1977, subject to a ticket and fine. If the pot is burning or in public view, it rises to a misdemeanor that leads to an arrest. Mr. Cuomo’s proposal differs from pending Assembly and Senate bills because it leaves public pot smoking as a criminal misdemeanor.
Mr. Cuomo acknowledged the existing approach disproportionately affects minority youths, with 94 percent of arrests in New York City, more than half of those arrested younger than 25 and 82 percent either black or Hispanic. He also defended keeping smoking pot a crime.
“I believe the society does want to discourage the use of marijuana in public, on the street. Smoking a joint, I think, is a different level of activity than just being in possession of it,” he said.
According to advocates for decriminalizing it, 14 states, including Oregon and Massachusetts, have lowered penalties for possessing small amounts of marijuana to civil fines in a movement that began in the 1970s. Since 1996, 16 states, including California, have legalized its use for medical conditions, though New York has not.
Chief Kelly said he faced criticism from the City Council last year about too many arrests for small amounts of marijuana. He responded that they need to change the state law because officers can’t simply turn a blind eye to it.
Assemblyman Hakeem Jeffries, a Brooklyn Democrat and sponsor of the Assembly bill similar to Mr. Cuomo’s proposal, said the racially disparate arrest numbers are a consequence of both the statute and the police stop-and-frisk policies. “The unlawful arrests have declined but not at the level that many had hoped would take place,” he said.
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