SANAA, Yemen | Military forces and police snipers opened fire Monday on marchers calling for the ouster of Yemen’s embattled president, killing at least 12 people and sending a strong message of defiance to U.S. and European envoys seeking to broker a peace deal after months of bloodshed.
The melee in the southern city of Taiz — part of an intensifying crackdown on the opposition — underscored the resolve of President Ali Abdullah Saleh to cling to power even as protest crowds resist withering attacks and crucial allies switch sides and call for his 32-year rule to end.
It also showed the challenges facing behind-the-scenes diplomatic efforts to quell the nearly two-month-old uprising in a nation that Washington considers a frontline battleground against al Qaeda’s most active franchise.
“We will stand as firm as mountains,” Mr. Saleh told a gathering of pro-government tribesmen.
In Taiz, witnesses described troops and gunmen, some on rooftops, firing wildly on thousands of protesters who marched past the governor’s headquarters in the city’s second straight day of violence.
Some protesters — including elderly people — were trampled and injured as marchers tried to flee, witnesses said.
Mr. Saleh has been a key ally of the United States, which has given him millions in counterterrorism aid to fight al Qaeda’s branch in the country, which has plotted attacks on American soil.
So far, Washington has not publicly demanded that he step down. But the diplomatic efforts are a clear sign that the Americans have decided the danger of turmoil and instability outweighs the potential risks if Mr. Saleh leaves.
Mustafa al-Sabri, a spokesman for a coalition of opposition parties, said U.S. and European diplomats had been in contact with Mr. Saleh. They also asked opposition leaders for their “vision” for a transition.
In response, the opposition over the weekend gave the Americans a proposal that Mr. Saleh step down and hand his powers to his vice president, who would then organize a process to rewrite the constitution and hold new elections, Mr. al-Sabri said.
The six-nation Gulf Cooperation Council, which includes Yemen’s neighbors Oman and Saudi Arabia, also offered to try to mediate a peace deal.
But Mr. Saleh has offered no hint of compromise as long as protests rage.
“We are prepared to explore the peaceful transfer of authority in the framework of the constitution. But arm-twisting will absolutely not work,” he said on Sunday.
On Monday, he showed an even harder edge. “We are standing firm, and we will defend constitutional legitimacy by all means,” he told backers. “We will stand as firm as mountains and will remain faithful to the people.”
Mr. Saleh has offered to step down early at the end of this year if a transfer of power acceptable to him is reached.
But the opposition fears that Mr. Saleh is using the discussions over stepping down to stall for time — either to stay in power or to ensure he is succeeded by one of his sons.
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